Identity

Identity

Essentialism

Our biological make up makes us who we are.

Opens up stereotypes.

Post modern theorists disagree.

Phrenology

Cesare Lombroso 1835-1909 positivist criminology. Criminal tendencies inherited.

Deformed more likely to commit crime. Racism.

Legitimizing racism. Super race.

Anglo-Teutonic. Irish and Iberian. Negro.

Separating races.

Christian Europe. The Jewish race is evil. Deformed.

Hieronymous Bosch

Chris Ofili Holy Virgin Mary 1996.

Douglas Kellner – Media Culture: Identity and politics between the modern and postmodern.

Pre modern identity. Personal identity- long standing role.

Modern identity. Modern societies begin to offer a wider range of social roles.

Place in society.

Institutions determined identity.

Marriage, The Church, monarchy, Government, The State, Work.

Pre modern identity. “Secure” identities

Farm worker…..Land Gentry , Soldier……..The State, Housewife………..Husband

The Leisure class. Conspicuous consumption. Don’t need to work.

Quality of clothes indicates what you do. 

To see and be seen.

Modern Identity.

“Flaneur” Making people know that you don’t need to go to work. Gentlemen of Leisure.

Trickle down theory. Differentiates them from society.

Newest fashion.  Lower class try to copy the upper-class. Cycle of fashion is born.

Georg Simmel. 

Discourse Analysis.

Foucault

Identity is controlled out of the discourses culturally available to us.

Possible discourse

Age

Class gender

Nationality

Race

Job

Class 

Humphrey Spender/ Mass Observation

Martin Parr. Merseyside, From the Last Resort. 1983-86

Criticized to say that he is looking down on lower class.

Society. Reminds one of a particularly shrewd.

Nationality. The summer fair.

Alexander McQueen. Highland Rape. Jacobite Rebellion. Scotland at the hands of the English.